PART-A

 

Answer ALL the questions. Each question carries 1 mark.

1.“Yetra naryestu Puente, Ramante tatra devta” — In which book is this thought described?

(a) Upanishad

(b) Geeta

(c) Manusmriti ✅

(d) Puran

 

2.Which of the following committees had stated that care should be taken to see that not step is taken which but will tend to perpetuate or intensify the existing difference?

(a) Hansa Mehta Committee

(b) Durgabai Deshmukh Committee ✅

(c) Bhaktavatsalam Committee

(d) Ishwar Bhai Patel

 

3.The meaning of Patriarchy is:

(a) Traditional government system

(b) Mother and Father’s rules over the family

(c) Father’s rules over the family ✅

(d) None of the above

 

4.Sex and Gender can be defined based on the following factors:

(a) Environmental Factors

(b) Biological Factors

(c) Sociological Factors ✅

(d) General Factors

 

5.Men Don’t Cry signifies:

(a) Weeping is not the natural character of man ✅

(b) Crying is a natural trait of man

(c) Both (A) and (B)

(d) None of the above

 

PART-B

 

Short answer type questions

Answer any THREE questions.

6.Explain the impact of media on gender role.

Media plays an important role in shaping people’s understanding of gender roles in society. Television, films, advertisements, newspapers, and social media influence how individuals perceive the roles and responsibilities of men and women. Through various forms of communication, media presents images and messages that shape social attitudes and behavior.

Traditionally, media has often portrayed men and women in stereotypical roles. Men are frequently shown as strong, powerful, and independent individuals who work in professional fields and make important decisions. Women, on the other hand, are often depicted as homemakers responsible for cooking, childcare, and household duties. Such portrayals reinforce traditional gender expectations and may influence how young people view their roles in society.

 

Media also emphasizes physical appearance, especially for women. Advertisements and entertainment programs often highlight beauty standards, which may create pressure on women and girls to meet unrealistic expectations. This can affect self-esteem and confidence.

However, media can also play a positive role in promoting gender equality. Modern media increasingly portrays women as leaders, professionals, athletes, and scientists. Awareness campaigns and educational programs highlight women’s achievements and encourage equal opportunities for both genders.

 

Thus, media has a powerful influence on gender roles. While it can reinforce stereotypes, it can also promote awareness and support social change toward gender equality.

 

7. Explain how gender identity is developed through socialization practice.

Gender identity refers to an individual’s understanding and recognition of themselves as male, female, or another gender identity. This identity develops gradually during childhood through the process of socialization.

Socialization is the process by which individuals learn the values, behaviors, and roles expected in society. Family plays the most important role in early gender socialization. Parents often treat boys and girls differently by encouraging specific behaviors, toys, and activities based on gender expectations. For example, boys may be encouraged to play sports or mechanical games, while girls may be encouraged to play with dolls or household toys.

Schools also contribute to the development of gender identity. Teachers, classroom interactions, and school activities influence children’s understanding of gender roles. Sometimes textbooks and classroom practices may reinforce traditional gender stereotypes, which shape children’s attitudes about what boys and girls can or cannot do.

Peer groups also play a significant role. Children often form friendships with others of the same gender and learn gender-appropriate behaviors through interaction with their peers.

Mass media and cultural traditions further influence gender identity by presenting certain images and expectations about masculinity and femininity.

In conclusion, gender identity develops through continuous interaction with family, school, peers, media, and cultural practices. Through socialization, children gradually learn the gender roles and expectations accepted in their society.

 

8. How will you develop a positive attitude towards gender in school?

Developing a positive attitude toward gender in schools is essential for promoting equality and mutual respect among students. Teachers and school administrators play a significant role in creating a gender-sensitive learning environment.

One important step is promoting gender equality in classroom activities. Teachers should ensure that both boys and girls have equal opportunities to participate in discussions, leadership roles, and extracurricular activities.

Another important strategy is eliminating gender stereotypes. Teachers should avoid making assumptions about students’ abilities based on gender. Instead, they should encourage all students to explore different subjects, interests, and talents.

Gender-sensitive teaching materials should also be used. Textbooks and examples used in lessons should represent both men and women in diverse roles such as scientists, leaders, and professionals.

Schools can also organize awareness programs, seminars, and discussions on gender equality. These programs help students understand the importance of respect, fairness, and equal opportunities.

Teachers should also promote respectful relationships among students. Encouraging cooperation, empathy, and understanding helps create a supportive and inclusive school environment.

Thus, by promoting equality, eliminating stereotypes, and encouraging mutual respect, schools can develop positive attitudes toward gender among students.

 

9. Explain the role of teachers and parents in preventing sexual abuse in children.

Teachers and parents play a crucial role in protecting children from sexual abuse and ensuring their safety and well-being. Preventing such abuse requires awareness, education, and open communication between children and trusted adults.

One important responsibility is educating children about personal safety. Parents and teachers should teach children about the difference between good touch and bad touch. Children should understand that they have the right to say “no” to uncomfortable or inappropriate behavior.

Another important role is creating a safe and supportive environment. Children should feel comfortable sharing their feelings and experiences without fear or shame. Parents and teachers must listen carefully and respond seriously if children report any suspicious or harmful behavior.

Supervision and monitoring are also essential. Parents should be aware of their children’s activities, friendships, and online interactions. Teachers should ensure that schools maintain safe environments and proper supervision during school activities.

Schools can also organize awareness programs and safety education that inform students about their rights and personal safety. These programs help children recognize unsafe situations and seek help.

Finally, parents and teachers should encourage confidence and assertiveness in children, teaching them to report any inappropriate behavior immediately.

In conclusion, cooperation between parents and teachers, combined with awareness and education, is essential for preventing sexual abuse and protecting children.

10. What is the gender role in mass media?

Gender roles in mass media refer to the way men and women are portrayed in media such as television, films, advertisements, magazines, and social media. These portrayals influence public perceptions and shape societal attitudes toward gender roles.

Traditionally, mass media has presented stereotypical gender roles. Men are often portrayed as strong, active, and dominant figures who work outside the home and take leadership roles. Women are frequently shown as caring, emotional, and responsible for household duties.

Advertisements often reinforce these stereotypes by showing women promoting beauty products, cooking items, or household goods, while men are shown advertising technology, vehicles, or financial services. Such portrayals may create the impression that certain roles and professions belong only to one gender.

Media representations also influence body image and beauty standards, especially for women. Women are often expected to meet certain physical standards, which may affect their self-confidence and self-esteem.

However, modern media has begun to challenge these stereotypes by showing women in leadership roles, professional careers, and sports. Positive portrayals of both genders help promote equality and change traditional perceptions.

In conclusion, gender roles in mass media significantly influence social attitudes and cultural beliefs. Responsible media representation can help promote gender equality and create a more inclusive society.

 

PART-C

 

Essay type question with internal choice.
Answer ALL the Five questions.

11. (a) Explain the role of family in stabilizing gender roles in society.

The family is the primary social institution where individuals first learn social norms, values, and behaviors. It plays a crucial role in shaping and stabilizing gender roles in society. Gender roles refer to the expectations, responsibilities, and behaviors that society assigns to men and women. Through daily interactions and practices, the family influences how individuals understand and perform these roles.

One important role of the family is early socialization. From childhood, parents and family members teach children about acceptable behaviors for boys and girls. For example, boys may be encouraged to be strong, independent, and career-oriented, while girls may be taught to be caring, gentle, and responsible for household duties. These early experiences help children internalize gender norms and expectations.

Families also reinforce gender roles through division of responsibilities within the household. In many families, men are expected to earn income and make major decisions, while women are responsible for domestic work and childcare. Observing these roles helps children understand what is considered appropriate behavior for each gender.

Another important function of the family is transmitting cultural values and traditions. Cultural beliefs about masculinity and femininity are often passed down through generations. Family rituals, customs, and social expectations contribute to maintaining gender roles within society.

However, in modern society, families are gradually promoting gender equality. Many families encourage both boys and girls to pursue education, share household responsibilities, and participate equally in decision-making. This shift helps challenge traditional stereotypes and supports more balanced gender roles.

The family also provides emotional support and guidance, which helps individuals develop confidence and respect for others regardless of gender. By promoting values such as equality, cooperation, and mutual respect, families can influence positive social attitudes.

In conclusion, the family plays a fundamental role in shaping and stabilizing gender roles in society through socialization, cultural transmission, and everyday practices. At the same time, modern families have the potential to promote gender equality and create more inclusive social norms.

11. (b) Critically examine the laws and the actions initiated by the government to protect gender parity in India.

Gender parity refers to equal rights, opportunities, and treatment for both men and women in society. In India, gender inequality has historically affected access to education, employment, healthcare, and social participation. To address these issues, the Indian government has introduced various laws, policies, and initiatives aimed at protecting women’s rights and promoting gender equality.

One important law is the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, which prohibits the giving and receiving of dowry during marriage. This law was introduced to prevent harassment and violence against women related to dowry demands. However, despite the law, dowry practices still exist in some parts of society, which indicates the need for stronger implementation.

Another significant law is the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. This act provides legal protection to women facing physical, emotional, verbal, or economic abuse within the household. It allows women to seek protection orders and legal remedies against abusive family members.

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 was enacted to ensure a safe working environment for women. It requires organizations to establish complaint committees and take action against harassment.

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 protects children, including girls, from sexual abuse and exploitation. The law provides strict punishments and child-friendly legal procedures.

The government has also launched several policy initiatives and social programs to promote gender equality. For example, the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (Save the Daughter, Educate the Daughter) campaign aims to improve the status of girls by promoting education and preventing female foeticide. Programs such as Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana encourage financial support and education for girls.

Despite these efforts, challenges remain due to social attitudes, lack of awareness, and weak enforcement of laws. Gender discrimination and violence still occur in many areas.

In conclusion, the Indian government has taken important legal and policy measures to protect gender parity. However, effective implementation, social awareness, and educational reforms are essential to achieve true gender equality in society.

12. (a) Discuss the gender roles and responsibilities assigned in schools and classmates.

Schools are important social institutions where children learn not only academic knowledge but also social values and behaviors. Gender roles and responsibilities in schools influence how boys and girls participate in classroom activities, interact with peers, and develop their personalities. These roles are often shaped by social expectations, cultural beliefs, and institutional practices.

In many traditional settings, boys and girls are assigned different roles in school activities. Boys are often encouraged to participate in sports, leadership roles, and technical tasks, while girls may be expected to take part in cultural activities, classroom decoration, or maintaining cleanliness. These patterns may unintentionally reinforce traditional gender roles.

Teachers’ attitudes and expectations can also influence gender roles in schools. Sometimes teachers may encourage boys to participate more actively in subjects like mathematics, science, and technology, while girls may be encouraged to focus on languages, arts, or social activities. Such practices can affect students’ interests and confidence in different subjects.

Gender roles may also appear in classroom interactions and responsibilities. Boys may be given leadership roles such as class monitors or group leaders, while girls may be assigned supportive roles such as maintaining discipline or helping teachers with classroom tasks. These practices can reinforce stereotypes about leadership and responsibility.

However, modern education aims to promote gender equality and inclusiveness. Schools are encouraged to provide equal opportunities for both boys and girls in all activities, including sports, leadership roles, and academic subjects. Teachers can play an important role by ensuring balanced participation and avoiding gender-based expectations.

Educational institutions can also organize awareness programs, workshops, and discussions on gender equality. Such initiatives help students understand the importance of mutual respect and equal opportunities.

In conclusion, gender roles and responsibilities in schools influence students’ learning experiences and personal development. By promoting equality and eliminating stereotypes, schools can create a fair and supportive environment that encourages both boys and girls to achieve their full potential.

12. (b) Analyze the gender role in stereotypes.

Gender stereotypes refer to widely held beliefs or assumptions about the characteristics, behaviors, and roles considered appropriate for men and women. These stereotypes are often shaped by cultural traditions, social expectations, and media influences. They influence how individuals perceive themselves and others in society.

One common gender stereotype is the belief that men are strong, independent, and suitable for leadership roles, while women are emotional, caring, and responsible for domestic duties. Such stereotypes limit opportunities for both men and women by creating rigid expectations about their abilities and responsibilities.

Gender stereotypes often appear in education, family life, and workplaces. In schools, boys may be expected to perform better in subjects such as mathematics and science, while girls may be expected to excel in language or arts subjects. These assumptions can discourage students from exploring their interests freely.

In families, stereotypes may assign different responsibilities to men and women. Men are often seen as the primary earners of the family, while women are expected to take care of household work and childcare. These expectations may restrict women’s participation in professional careers and leadership positions.

Mass media also plays a significant role in reinforcing gender stereotypes. Advertisements and films often portray women as homemakers and men as decision-makers or heroes. Such portrayals influence public attitudes and shape social expectations.

However, modern society is gradually challenging these stereotypes. Education, awareness campaigns, and social movements promote the idea that both men and women are capable of performing diverse roles in society.

In conclusion, gender stereotypes influence individuals’ perceptions and opportunities in many aspects of life. Eliminating these stereotypes through education, equal opportunities, and positive social attitudes is essential for achieving gender equality and social justice.

13. (a) Explain the term transgender and how to provide them opportunities for education, employment, and developing life skills.

The term transgender refers to individuals whose gender identity or expression differs from the sex assigned to them at birth. Unlike the traditional categories of male and female, transgender individuals may identify as male, female, both, or neither. In many societies, transgender people face discrimination, social exclusion, and limited access to education, employment, and

healthcare. Promoting equal opportunities for transgender individuals is essential for achieving social justice and human rights.

Education plays a vital role in empowering transgender individuals. Schools and educational institutions should create an inclusive learning environment where transgender students feel safe and respected. Anti-discrimination policies should be implemented to protect them from bullying and harassment. Teachers and administrators should receive training on gender sensitivity so that they can understand and support the needs of transgender students.

Educational opportunities should also include flexible admission policies and scholarship programs that encourage transgender individuals to pursue higher education. Providing counseling services and supportive peer groups can help them overcome social and emotional challenges.

Employment opportunities are equally important. Governments and organizations should adopt equal employment policies that prevent discrimination based on gender identity. Skill development programs and vocational training can help transgender individuals gain professional skills and secure meaningful employment.

Developing life skills is also essential for their personal and social development. Life skills such as communication, decision-making, problem-solving, and self-confidence help transgender individuals face social challenges and build independent lives. Educational institutions and community organizations can provide training programs and workshops to enhance these skills.

The government has also taken steps to support transgender rights. For example, the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 in India recognizes the rights of transgender individuals and prohibits discrimination in education, employment, healthcare, and public services.

In conclusion, providing opportunities for education, employment, and life skills development is essential for the social inclusion and empowerment of transgender individuals. Creating an inclusive and supportive society will help them live with dignity, equality, and respect.

 

13. (b) As a teacher how will you develop a positive attitude towards the opposite gender in schools?

Teachers play a crucial role in shaping students’ attitudes and values. Developing a positive attitude toward the opposite gender in schools is essential for promoting mutual respect, equality, and healthy social relationships among students.

One important strategy is promoting gender equality in the classroom. Teachers should treat boys and girls equally and provide equal opportunities for participation in academic and extracurricular activities. Avoiding favoritism and stereotypes helps students develop a balanced perspective about gender roles.

Another important step is challenging gender stereotypes. Teachers should discuss how stereotypes limit individual potential and encourage students to explore their interests freely regardless of gender. For example, both boys and girls should be encouraged to participate in subjects such as science, sports, arts, and leadership activities.Teachers can also organize awareness programs, discussions, and workshops about gender equality.

These activities help students understand the importance of respect, cooperation, and empathy between genders. Role-playing, debates, and group discussions can help students reflect on gender issues and develop positive attitudes.

Using gender-sensitive teaching materials is also important. Textbooks, stories, and examples used in the classroom should present both men and women in diverse roles such as scientists, leaders, professionals, and caregivers. Balanced representation helps challenge traditional stereotypes.

Another effective method is encouraging cooperative learning activities. Group projects that include both boys and girls promote teamwork, communication, and mutual understanding.

Teachers should also model respectful behavior. By demonstrating fairness, respect, and positive communication, teachers set an example for students to follow.

In conclusion, teachers can develop positive attitudes toward the opposite gender by promoting equality, challenging stereotypes, encouraging cooperation, and creating a respectful classroom environment. Such efforts contribute to building a more inclusive and harmonious society.

14. (a) List the laws enacted by the Indian government for the safety of girls and women.

The Government of India has introduced several laws and legal measures to ensure the safety, dignity, and rights of women and girls. These laws aim to protect them from violence, discrimination, and exploitation and to promote gender equality in society.

One of the important laws is the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961. This law prohibits the giving and receiving of dowry during marriage. It aims to prevent harassment, violence, and exploitation of women associated with dowry demands.

Another important law is the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. This act provides protection to women from physical, emotional, verbal, and economic abuse within the family. It allows women to seek legal protection, residence rights, and financial support.

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 ensures that women have a safe working environment. It requires organizations to establish internal complaint committees and take action against harassment.

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 is designed to protect children, including girls, from sexual abuse and exploitation. It provides strict punishment for offenders and ensures child-friendly legal procedures.

Another important law is the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, which prohibits the marriage of girls below the age of 18 and boys below the age of 21. The law aims to protect young girls from early marriage and ensure their right to education and development.

The Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, 1994 prohibits sex selection and female foeticide. It aims to prevent discrimination against the girl child and address gender imbalance in society.

The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013, introduced after the Nirbhaya case, strengthened laws against sexual offences such as rape, stalking, and acid attacks and increased the punishment for offenders.

In conclusion, these laws demonstrate the Indian government’s commitment to protecting women and girls from violence and discrimination. However, effective implementation, awareness, and social support are necessary to ensure that these laws achieve their intended purpose.

14. (b) Explain the role of education in preventing sexual violence and abuse.

Education plays a crucial role in preventing sexual violence and abuse by creating awareness, promoting respect for human rights, and empowering individuals with knowledge and skills to protect themselves and others. Through proper education, society can challenge harmful attitudes and behaviors that lead to violence.

One important role of education is creating awareness about gender equality and respect. Schools and educational institutions can teach students about the importance of dignity, consent, and respectful relationships. Understanding these values helps reduce discrimination and violence based on gender.

Education also helps in teaching children about personal safety and protection. Students should learn about concepts such as good touch and bad touch, personal boundaries, and the importance of reporting inappropriate behavior. Awareness programs help children recognize unsafe situations and seek help when necessary.

Another important aspect is developing life skills and confidence. Education helps students develop communication skills, decision-making abilities, and self-confidence. These skills enable individuals to resist abuse and respond appropriately to threatening situations.

Schools also play a role in promoting gender-sensitive attitudes. Teachers can challenge stereotypes and encourage equality between boys and girls. When students learn to respect each other, the likelihood of violence and harassment decreases.

Educational institutions can also organize workshops, counseling sessions, and awareness campaigns involving students, teachers, and parents. These programs help create a supportive environment where children feel safe to share their concerns.

Furthermore, education helps individuals understand legal rights and protections related to sexual violence. Awareness of laws and reporting mechanisms encourages victims to seek justice.

In conclusion, education is a powerful tool for preventing sexual violence and abuse. By promoting awareness, respect, and empowerment, education can help build a safer and more responsible society.

15. (a) Explain the concept of self and discuss the ways and means of developing positive notion of self in children.

The concept of self refers to an individual’s understanding and perception of their own identity, abilities, emotions, and values. It includes how a person sees themselves and how they believe others perceive them. The concept of self develops gradually during childhood through experiences, social interactions, and personal reflections. A positive sense of self helps children develop confidence, emotional stability, and healthy relationships.

Self-concept consists of several components such as self-image, self-esteem, and self-confidence. Self-imagerefers to how individuals see themselves, while self-esteem refers to the value they place on themselves. Self-confidence relates to a person’s belief in their abilities and skills. When children develop a positive notion of self, they become more motivated to learn and participate actively in social and educational activities.

Parents and teachers play a crucial role in developing a positive self-concept in children. One important method is encouragement and appreciation. Children should be praised for their efforts and achievements. Positive feedback helps them feel valued and confident in their abilities.

Another important approach is creating a supportive and safe environment. Children should feel comfortable expressing their thoughts and feelings without fear of criticism or punishment. When children feel respected and understood, their self-esteem improves.

Encouraging children to participate in different activities such as sports, arts, and group projects also helps them discover their talents and strengths. Success in such activities builds confidence and promotes a positive self-image.

Parents and teachers should also teach children to accept mistakes as part of learning. Instead of focusing on failures, they should guide children to learn from their experiences and improve their performance.

Another important method is developing healthy social relationships. Positive interactions with peers, teachers, and family members help children feel accepted and valued.

In conclusion, the concept of self plays a vital role in the psychological and social development of children. Through encouragement, supportive environments, and positive social interactions, parents and teachers can help children develop a strong and positive notion of self.

15. (b) Discuss the gender in advertisements and movie.

Advertisements and movies are powerful forms of mass media that influence social attitudes and perceptions about gender roles. They shape how people understand the roles, behaviors, and expectations associated with men and women in society.

Traditionally, advertisements and movies have often portrayed stereotypical gender roles. Men are commonly shown as strong, confident, and successful individuals who work in professional or leadership positions. They are often portrayed as decision-makers, heroes, or protectors.

Women, on the other hand, are frequently depicted in domestic roles such as homemakers, caregivers, or individuals responsible for household duties. In many advertisements, women are shown promoting beauty products, household items, and childcare services. Such portrayals reinforce the idea that women’s primary responsibility lies within the home.

Another important aspect is the objectification of women in media. Advertisements and movies often emphasize women’s physical appearance, beauty, and attractiveness rather than their abilities or achievements. This can create unrealistic beauty standards and pressure women and girls to conform to certain ideals.
However, modern media has gradually begun to challenge these traditional stereotypes. Many advertisements and films now portray women as professionals, leaders, athletes, and independent individuals. Such representation helps promote gender equality and encourages women to pursue diverse careers.

Media also has the potential to raise awareness about gender discrimination and social issues. Films and advertisements that promote equality, respect, and empowerment can influence public attitudes positively.

In conclusion, advertisements and movies have a significant impact on shaping perceptions of gender roles. While traditional portrayals often reinforced stereotypes, modern media is increasingly promoting more balanced and inclusive representations of men and women in society.